Bodh Gaya is a place in
the state of Bihar in Gaya district and known for Maha Bodhi Temple. It is a
place where Siddhartha became enlightened and thus called Buddha. Bodh Gaya is
international heritage and pilgrimage of Buddhist religion come from around the
world apart from tourist and people from other religions. The Hindu people, who
are the largest in number in India, also come in large number to visit Bodh
Gaya. Many Hindu ideologies consider Buddha as one of incarnation in Hindu
mythology. This historic, cultural and religious place, so it attracts the
tourists from around the world. In 2002, Mahabodhi
Temple, located in Bodh Gaya, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bodh
Gaya and other places like Kushenagar, Lumbini, Sarnath and other places have
significance importance, but Bodh Gaya is more important because it is the
place where Siddhartha became Buddha or enlightened (about 528 BC). It is believed that
250 years after the Enlightenment of the Buddha, Emperor Ashoka build the original Mahabodhi
Temple at Bodh Gaya.
Economy
 |
| Street children selling puffed rice and offerings to temples |
Family and caste
In the village area of
Bodh Gaya, second marriage is common in schedule castes family. In Manjhi,
Ravidas and Paswan, male and females do remarriage even without divorce, but
mostly in Manjhi. After marriage the children from first marriage abandoned.
Number of single parents is high in this region which is also a reason for
street children. People mostly belong to schedule case and high low income,
high illiteracy, very less lands for agriculture. Mahto is one of caste which
comes under other backward caste and have agriculture land and their main
source of income is agriculture, so children from this community are very few
in number on street or as beggars.
Education of street
children
 |
| Street children on the gate of Tibetan Temple |
There are basically 3
kinds of street children in Bodh Gaya. One who comes part time to earn some
money in the morning and evening, rest time go to school and stay with family
in nearby village. The Second kind of children is with their family on street,
begging with parents. Street is their life. The number of such children
although less in off seasons. Some children whose parents are street vendors,
who stayed with family and income is comparatively better to survive, few goes
to schools many of them are also dropouts.
As talked with NGOs
personals, there is not any non-formal school near main temple area which runs
for street children as part time.
The number of street
children varies as tourists and pilgrimage, in winter during Kalchakra period,
Bodh Gaya is full of beggars, street children and street vendors due to high
income opportunity.
NGOs for destitute
children
There is a home ‘Lord
Buddha Home for Children’ some NGOs run by Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra, an NGO
with good infrastructure. It also provides vocational training to both boys and
girls, like mobile repairing, computer, sewing, beautician etc. and shelter for
such destitute children. It is situated at other side of Niranjana River in
Silaunja village. There are 68 children in this residential school. It also has
pathlabs, doctors twice a week and other facilities.
 |
| Home for destitute children run by Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra |
Sakya Sujata Children
Welfare Trust also run a school for poor and destitute children near Sujata
village, Bakrour. Other NGOs also run such schools, but mostly to attract
donations from foreign tourists as talk with few NGOs officials.
The children from poor
families of nearby villages like Taridih, Pachhati, Rajapur, Bakror, Sujata
village and other can be seen in the
morning and evening to earn some money from visitors. These children mostly
from Manjhi, Paswan and Ravidas caste which comes under SC (schedule caste) in
the state. There are also families who live on streets and survive on beggary.
The children from such families do not go to school or attain any kind of non-formal
education. They are also malnourished due to food which is mostly insufficient
and non-nutrient.
After bomb blast
After the Bodh Gaya bomb blast in Mahabodhi
temple premises on July 7, 2013 local street vendors are displaced in other
place which is far from Bodh Gaya main area. People are not allowed to even
enter in the premises of Mahabodhi Temple, without to security check.
Cellphone, camera, gadgets, food items etc. are prohibited to taken with inside
the campus. As talking with a person from an NGO working for destitute
children, he said, “local people are not happy with high security check and
displacement of street venders who used to earn income. Now local people have
no benefit out of it, only rich businessman like owners of hotels, restaurants,
and travel agency earns money.”
(This study conducted by Shesh Nath Vernwal and Baidnath Kumar)